Hydrocephalus
Hydrocephalus occurs when excess cerebrospinal fluid accumulates within the brain. Symptoms vary depending on the cause and may include headaches, walking difficulties, memory problems, visual changes or loss of bladder control.
Understanding the condition
What Is Hydrocephalus?
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) normally circulates around the brain and spinal cord, providing protection and helping maintain a healthy environment for the nervous system.
Hydrocephalus develops when this fluid cannot circulate or be absorbed normally, causing enlargement of the fluid-filled spaces (ventricles) within the brain. In some cases, this increases pressure on the brain and affects neurological function.
Hydrocephalus can occur at any age. It may develop following a brain haemorrhage, tumour, infection, head injury or previous surgery. Sometimes no clear cause is identified.
Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is a form that occurs mainly in older adults. It usually develops gradually and may affect walking, memory, thinking and bladder control.
Symptoms
Common symptoms of Hydrocephalus
Symptoms depend on the type of hydrocephalus and how quickly it develops.
Hover your cursor over a symptom above to learn more.
Headaches
Nausea and Vomiting
Difficulty Walking
Memory Problems
Urinary Incontinence
Vision Changes
Drowsiness
When to Seek Urgent Care
Know the Warning Signs
Symptoms of hydrocephalus often develop gradually. However, a sudden or significant deterioration needs medical attention.
Seek urgent medical care if you develop:
- Severe or rapidly worsening headaches, particularly with repeated vomiting.
- Unusual drowsiness or increasing confusion.
- A sudden, marked deterioration in walking or balance.
These symptoms may indicate increased pressure within the brain or another condition requiring urgent assessment.
For emergencies, call 000 or attend your nearest Emergency Department.
Assessment & Imaging
How is it diagnosed?
Hydrocephalus is usually diagnosed using brain imaging, which demonstrates enlargement of the ventricles. Clinical assessment helps determine whether symptoms are related to the hydrocephalus and whether treatment is likely to be beneficial.
Treatment
Treatment Options
Treatment is based on your symptoms, examination findings, imaging, and how the condition affects your day-to-day life.
Some patients may require observation and ongoing monitoring before treatment is recommended.
Management may include:
- Repeat imaging
- Specialist neurosurgical review
The aim of treatment is to restore normal cerebrospinal fluid circulation and reduce pressure on the brain.
Treatment options may include:
- Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt
- Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV)
Related Services
Associate Professor van Gelder offers specialist assessment, investigation, and treatment of hydrocephalus.
Concerned About Hydrocephalus?
Our team provides comprehensive assessment and treatment for patients with hydrocephalus and other complex neurosurgical conditions.
