Disc Herniation
A disc herniation can cause neck or back pain and, when it irritates or compresses a nerve, pain, tingling, numbness or weakness in an arm or leg. Many disc herniations improve without surgery.
Understanding the condition
What is a Disc Herniation?
The discs between the bones of the spine act as cushions and allow movement. A disc herniation occurs when some of the softer material inside a disc pushes through or beyond its outer ring. The displaced disc material may irritate or compress a nearby nerve.
In the lower back, this can cause pain travelling into the leg (sciatica) and /or altered sensations (numbness or tingling). In the neck, it may cause pain or altered sensation travelling into an arm.
Disc changes or bulging are also common in people without symptoms, and can be part of aging process in the spine.
Symptoms
Common symptoms of a Disc Herniation
Hover your cursor over a symptom above to learn more.
Back or Neck Pain
Arm or Leg Pain
Numbness
Tingling
Weakness
Difficulty Walking
When to Seek Urgent Care
Know the Warning Signs
Most disc herniations are not medical emergencies. However, certain symptoms can indicate significant nerve compression requiring urgent medical advice.
- Loss of bladder or bowel control.
- Numbness around the genitals, anus and perineum (saddle numbness).
- Progressive weakness in an arm or leg.
- Foot drop.
- Significant deterioration in walking ability.
Do not wait for a routine appointment. In an emergency, call 000 or attend your nearest Emergency Department.
Assessment & Imaging
How is it diagnosed?
Diagnosis begins with a detailed history and physical examination. MRI or CT scans are often used to confirm the diagnosis, identify the affected nerve, and assess the severity of compression.
Treatment
Treatment Options
Treatment depends on the severity and duration of symptoms, neurological findings and whether the scan shows nerve compression that matches the clinical picture.
Most patients improve without surgery. Treatment may include:
- Physiotherapy
- Exercise physiology
- Activity modification
- Pain-relieving medication
- Anti-inflammatory medication
- Image-guided spinal injections
Surgery may be considered when symptoms are severe, persistent, or associated with neurological impairment caused by compressed nerves.
Procedures may include:
Related Services
Our multidisciplinary team can support assessment, treatment, rehabilitation, and surgical care where appropriate.
Concerned About Disc Herniation?
Our multidisciplinary team provides comprehensive assessment and treatment for patients with neck pain, back pain, sciatica, and nerve compression.
